![]() The two structures of the adrenal glands arise from two different germ layers: the adrenal cortex from the mesoderm and the adrenal medulla from ectoderm neural cells. The pineal gland also arises from the ectoderm. ![]() The pituitary gland arises from two distinct areas of the ectoderm: the anterior pituitary gland arises from the oral ectoderm, whereas the posterior pituitary gland arises from the neural ectoderm at the base of the hypothalamus. In contrast, endocrine glands that arise from the endoderm and ectoderm produce the amine, peptide, and protein hormones. ![]() The endocrine glands that produce the steroid hormones, such as the gonads and adrenal cortex, arise from the mesoderm. The endocrine system arises from all three embryonic germ layers. Discuss the effects of aging on the endocrine system.Describe the embryonic origins of the endocrine system.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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